Semnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501On generalization of optimality conditions for multiobjective semi-infinite problems111961210.22075/ijnaa.2024.32848.4887ENHamedSoroushFaculty of Science, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, IranJournal Article20240101In this paper, we study the multiobjective semi-infinite programming problem with inequality constraints, in which the objective and the constraint functions are not necessarily continuous. If Ω is a local cone approximation, we consider the notion of Ω-subdifferential for functions. Then, we present the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type necessary and sufficient optimality conditions under an Abadie type qualification for the considered problems via Ω-subdifferential.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9612_8089ae7a140d832813360fcdb13b561e.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501The Bayesian Lasso of quantile structural equation model1323962410.22075/ijnaa.2025.9624ENBalsam MustafaShafeeqTechnical College of Management, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, IraqLekaa AliMuhamedCollege of Administration and Economics, Department of Statistics, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20211115Structural equation models have been extensively applied to medical and social sciences, the most important latent variable models are structural equation models. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a popular multivariate technique for analyzing the interrelationships between latent variables. In general, structural equation models include a measurement equation to characterize latent variables through multiple observable variables and a mean regression-type structural equation to investigate how the explanatory latent variables affect the outcomes of interest. In this study, we apply Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) procedure to conduct estimation in the Quantile SEM, and compare this estimator with estimator of Bayesian Quantile Structural equation model, and apply the use of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method by Gibbs sampler to conduct Bayesian inference. The simulation was implemented assuming different distributions of the error term for the structural equations model and values of the parameters for a small sample size.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9624_817691f2a843b384b432cd677dc911d8.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Improvement accuracy for C4.5 decision tree algorithm2542982310.22075/ijnaa.2024.33099.4925ENNimaRasekhDepartment of Information Engineering, Padua University, ItalyDaniyalNasiri BavilDepartment of Information Engineering, Padua University, ItalyJournal Article20240125The decision tree is indeed the most widely used approach to represent classifiers. Initially, it has been studied in the field of decision theory and statistics. However, it was found to be effective in other disciplines, such as data mining, machine learning and pattern recognition. This research deals with the problem of finding the parameter settings of the decision tree algorithm in order to achieve higher accuracy for a given domain. The proposed approach, Improved C4.5 (IC4.5), is a supervised learning model based on the C4.5 algorithm to construct a decision tree. The modification to the C4.5 algorithm includes using improved gain instead of the gain ratio measure to choose the best attribute and increase the accuracy of the decision tree. The introduced algorithm has been experimented with on some data sets from the UCI repository. The results obtained from experiments show that the accuracy of IC4.5 is greater than C4.5 in increasing the accuracy of the decision tree.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9823_9cb4ce5fd391a84916e26898c88dc814.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Effects of defects on axial fatigue strength of steel samples and supports produced by additive manufacturing4350984710.22075/ijnaa.2024.32985.4908ENAliNadaf FardDepartment of Mechanics, Dariun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dariun, IranAbdul RezaRasti TalabDepartment of Mechanics, Dariun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dariun, IranJournal Article20240115Many materials such as steel, aluminium and titanium alloys can be realised by powder bed solutions, melting subsequently powder layers utilizing laser or electron beam (Laser Beam Melting LBM and Electron Beam Melting EBM). The microstructure is realised by layer-by-layer solidification. Having a high cooling rate cannot be considered isotropic. Therefore, the mechanical properties could be influenced by the building direction. Regarding maraging steel, the study of the influence of the building direction and the heat treatment on the static and axial fatigue strength has been investigated in a previous contribution. A large scatter of the fatigue test results was found because of the presence of detrimental and subsurface defects. This contribution aims to present additional axial fatigue-test results of maraging steel characterized by different build orientations and provide an analysis of the defects observed at the crack initiation area of the fracture surface.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9847_c95810ced2ce02ed4d3446bcbeaf9424.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Nonparametric Bayesian optimal designs for unit exponential regression model with respect to prior processes (with Polya Urn scheme as the base measure)5159984810.22075/ijnaa.2024.34516.5158ENAnitaAbdollahi NanvapishehDepartment of Statistics, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranHabibJafariDepartment of Statistics, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranSoleimanKhazaeiDepartment of Statistics, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20240622Nonlinear regression models find extensive applications across various scientific disciplines. It is crucial to accurately fit the optimal nonlinear model while taking into account the biases inherent in the Bayesian optimal design. By utilizing the Dirichlet process as a prior, we present a Bayesian optimal design. The Dirichlet process serves as a fundamental tool in the exploration of Nonparametric Bayesian inference, offering multiple representations that are well-suited for application. This research paper introduces a novel one-parameter model, referred to as the "Unit-Exponential distribution", specifically designed for the unit interval. Additionally, we employ a representation to approximate the D-optimality criterion, considering the Dirichlet process as a functional tool. Through this approach, we aim to identify a Nonparametric Bayesian optimal design.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9848_fc8cfb4f87f1d7a19a08dc03ce68bf2e.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Identifying factors affecting trademark infringement in the field of electronic commerce with Delphi method6178983410.22075/ijnaa.2024.33100.4926ENJavadAbbaszadehDepartment of Law, Brunel University, London, EnglandMohammad AliKafaeifarDepartment of Law, Qom North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, IranJournal Article20240125Trademark infringement in cyberspace is a crucial issue that has been facilitated and increased by the expansion of the Internet and artificial intelligence, leading to disputes between individuals that require a suitable performance bond. Among these, trademark infringement is one of the most important issues in electronic commerce. This research is applied with qualitative methods using library resources and expert-based questionnaires. In the qualitative section, 15 experts and 25 first-hand references were selected by snowball sampling for experts and purposeful sampling for documents. The Delphi method was used to analyze the data and to determine the validity and reliability of the information obtained from the expert-based questionnaire. Necessary checks were done, including acceptability (expert review) and confirmability (expert review). The reviews show that the current trademark rights in Iran do not include all possibilities and cannot work well in cases of trademark infringement in cyberspace. Iran's legislators need to express trademark rights, examples of trademark infringement, and exceptions. Therefore, approval of the electronic commerce law in Iran, adding basic items in the field of trademarks, monitoring the strict implementation of laws, and maintaining the security of active businesses are requirements.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9834_bb78e231127080304948b3111190096f.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501A systematic study on the model for determining and identifying major audit issues: Using a content analysis approach7997989510.22075/ijnaa.2025.37799.5471ENAqeelSalim MohammedDepartment of Accounting, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranKhadijehEbrahimi KahrizsangiDepartment of Banking and Financial, Sciences University of Wasit, College of Administration and Economics, IraqDukhkhaniAdil Basheer DhahirDepartment of Banking and Financial, Sciences University of Wasit, College of Administration and Economics, IraqSaeidAliahmadiDepartment of Accounting, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20250419In today's complex financial world, identifying and disclosing major audit issues is crucial for transparency, accountability, public trust, and economic stability. This exploratory, mixed-methods study presents a comprehensive model examining key factors affecting this process. Due to the lack of a coherent framework, it identifies themes via content analysis of prior research and interviews with 14 experts (audit academics/professionals and Auditing Standards Development Committee members, purposively sampled via snowball approach). Results revealed 4 overarching themes: Regulatory/Professional Frameworks, Institutional/Environmental Structures, Client Characteristics, and Auditor Frameworks, along with 8 organizing themes (including ethical requirements, regulatory roles, institutional impacts, economic environment, client traits, and auditor characteristics) and 55 basic themes. Delphi analysis confirmed the reliability of these dimensions across two rounds. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) then identified Supervisory Structures as the most influential theme within the major audit issues pattern. This research advances auditing literature, particularly for developing countries, offering technical innovations and practical insights for policymakers and audit institutions to better understand auditor characteristics and drivers of major audit issues.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9895_5dbcabaa059e0f5367caea9a52df3515.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Ethical employer branding model: Overcoming the challenges of recruiting and retaining human resources99108990910.22075/ijnaa.2024.33388.4970ENMohammadHosseinpour JomadiFaculty of Management and Social Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNedaNafariFaculty of Management and Social Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNaderSheikholeslami KandelousiFaculty of Management and Social Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNargesHassan MoradiFaculty of Management and Social Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240227The current research aimed to present an employer branding model for insurance companies to overcome the challenge of recruiting and retaining talented and expert human resources. This is applied research in terms of purpose and survey-exploratory research in terms of approach. The statistical population of the current research was a group of experts in human resources, including university professors, organizational consultants, and senior managers of human resources of insurance companies; they underwent an in-depth interview. The selection and interview continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The purposeful sampling method was used until the theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, interviews with 11 experts were carried out. As the grounded theory approach was used, the main data collection instrument was an in-depth and unstructured interview with the experts. At last, after the three open, axial, and selective coding, the research conceptual model was designed based on the paradigm model.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9909_431d6d1e5a52090ab6553b2e48a0fead.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Result on value distribution of meromorphic functions109116963010.22075/ijnaa.2024.30985.4534ENHarina PWaghamoreDepartment of Mathematics, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru-560 056, IndiaVijaylaxmi SBDepartment of Mathematics, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru-560 056, IndiaJournal Article20230619In this article, we deal with value distribution of transcendental meromorphic functions with finite order and obtain some results which improve previous theorems given by Y. Liu, J.P. Wang, and F.H.Liu [14].https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9630_fb791e3a657d9e04e2162e76a2127d35.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Investigating the characteristics of the International Union of Notaries with an analytical approach117128988610.22075/ijnaa.2024.33824.5044ENSoheilaYousefiDepartment of International Law, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, IranHassanSoleimaniDepartment of International Law, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, IranAliPourghassab AmiriDepartment of International Law, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, IranJournal Article20240317International non-governmental organizations-consisting of members other than governments, symbolise change and development in international law. The International Union of Notaries, as an international non-governmental organization, since its establishment (1948) has taken steps towards goals such as harmonizing, promoting and implementing the basic, practical and ethical principles of the notary system, and this has been done through cooperation with national notary organizations in countries and conducting legal studies to formulate and develop these systems based on the aforementioned principles. In terms of its current situation, it can be seen that it has been successful in this direction. The functions and interactions of the Union, including its role in the formulation and development of international law, using the tools of convergence of registration laws and notary systems, and communication and cooperation with other governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions in the field of international issues, have made significant progress. This research, in analyzing its main purpose, a detailed review of the International Union of Notaries, its institutions and functions, using the analytical method and the opinions of the panel of experts without bias and the involvement of the author's personal opinions and with a realistic attitude, has criticized and analyzed this issue.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9886_cec553d3ee91dd4fd65d0965484245b8.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Presenting the model of using management accounting system based on the role of dynamic environment, digital business models and product innovation129140993910.22075/ijnaa.2024.33474.4989ENHassanPourtaghiDepartment of Accounting, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IranNematRostami MazoueiDepartment of Accounting, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, IranMahmoudSamadi LarganiDepartment of Accounting, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IranMohammad RezaPouraliDepartment of Accounting, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, IranJournal Article20240308This research aims to present a model of using management accounting systems based on the role of the dynamic environment, digital business models, and product innovation. The statistical population of the research was the managing directors, financial managers, and accountants of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange; based on the Morgan table, 387 people were selected as a sample, and the research questionnaire was distributed and collected among them. The information collected by questionnaires was analyzed using structural equation modelling by SPSS24 and SmartPLS3 software. The results showed that the dynamic environment and digital business model have a positive and significant relationship with the use of management accounting systems and product innovation. Product innovation has a mediating and positive role in the relationship between the dynamic environment and the use of the management accounting system. Product innovation has a mediating and positive role in the relationship between the digital business model and the use of the management accounting system. Finally, it can be said that management accounting systems are increasing based on dynamic environments, digital business models, and product innovation in companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9939_da516aa13b56a18877802eb325b9c904.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501The financial impact of deposit interest rates in Iranian Islamic banks: A dependency on the conventional banking system141153994210.22075/ijnaa.2025.36375.5364ENRazaTehraniDepartment of Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFatemehZandiDepartment of Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohammadKhezriDepartment of Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMahnazRabieiDepartment of Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241130The foundation of Islamic banking lies in profit-sharing, the specification of resource utilization paths, and the supervision of banking operations. Unlike conventional banking, in Islamic banking, depositors' funds are invested according to Sharia-compliant legal frameworks and specific contractual agreements. This study evaluates and compares the financial performance and dependency of deposit interest rates between Islamic banks in Iran and the conventional banking system. Considering the ex-post nature of the research topic, past data (spanning from March 21, 2009, to July 21, 2024) were analyzed using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach. All analyses were conducted using EViews software version 13. The results indicate that the overnight policy rate, linked to the central bank’s interest rate, serves as a statistically significant determinant, both positively and negatively, for the Islamic money market rate in the short and long term. Furthermore, this study examines maturity-aligned rates and evaluates the significant positive and negative impacts of fixed deposit rates in conventional banks on investment rates in Islamic banks over both short and long horizons. The Islamic money market rate, used as a proxy for monetary policy rates, has a statistically significant positive and negative influence on Islamic bank deposit rates in the short and long term.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9942_a4e44d537b18df6b64336ef4d43fbc16.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Structural model fit of customer experience management and effect of drivers and its consequences on value co-creation (Case study: Private educational institute of Shiraz city)155168996710.22075/ijnaa.2024.34356.5130ENEhsanMaymandiDepartment of Business Management, Mubarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranMojtabaAghajaniDepartment of Business Management, Mubarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranSaeidLandran EsfahaniDepartment of Business Management, Mubarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20240505As it’s obvious, customers’ experience and its management are beyond the goods and services provided by organizations, and this means whatever represents the organisation, involves anything from its presence in virtual space to internal and external design and organizational factors and other clear and unclear factors that indicate this valuable concept is multi-aspect. This research aims to consider the structural model fit of customers’ experience and the effect of drivers and their consequences on value co-creation (CSV) in private educational institutes of Shiraz city. In terms of purpose, this research is applied and is among descriptive–survey research, and according to the research method, it is among correlation research using causal patterns. The statistical population of this research includes students from private educational institutes in Shiraz. A sample volume of 570 individuals was obtained using G. Power software, with a generalizability of 85%. 8 experts also approved the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the research tool was considered and approved by the logic validity from the apparent type and Cronbach's alpha reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings indicate that variables of customer management experience, mental mediating factors, loyalty, and satisfaction with educational services as drivers and consequences of customer experience management on value co-creation variables have positive and significant effects.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9967_c1e0cc9176092b8888fe3fe3f5cae55c.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Reproducing kernel method to solve a class of variable delay integro-differential equations169176964310.22075/ijnaa.2022.24718.2806ENTofighAllahviranlooResearch Center of Performance and Productivity Analysis, Istinye University, Istanbul, TurkeySaeidAbbasbandyDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IranHusseinSahihiResearch Center of Performance and Productivity Analysis, Istinye University, Istanbul, TurkeyJournal Article20210930This paper deals with an efficient method to solve Variable Delay Integro-Differential Equations (VDIDEs). We use a different implementation of the general form of the Reproducing Kernel Method (RKM). We seek to apply RKM without using the orthogonalization process. The main purpose of this technique for the VDIDE is to implement it in large intervals so that an appropriate approximate solution can be obtained and also a valid error analysis can be provided. This method significantly increases the accuracy of approximate solutions in small intervals. The accuracy of theoretical results is also illustrated by solving two numerical examples.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9643_f27b7c3719889f8821176ed84de252fa.pdfSemnan UniversityInternational Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications2008-682217520260501Estimate the Bullen inequality for h-convex functions177184966110.22075/ijnaa.2024.34115.5090ENAhmedHallouzDepartment of Mathematics, University of Tiaret, AlgeriaBouharketBenaissaLaboratory of Informatics and Mathematics, Faculty of Material Sciences, University of Tiaret, AlgeriaNoureddineAzzouzFaculty of Sciences, University Center Nour Bachir, El Bayadh, AlgeriaJournal Article20240512This paper establishes Bullen inequalities for h-convex functions using Riemann-Liouville fractional operators. In addition, a novel fractional version with a relatively easy calculation utilizing the B-function is presented, which generalizes numerous inequalities known in the literature.https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_9661_3852039a8d8ca6108985d7273a595ad2.pdf