International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications

The use of nanofluids in building materials for energy efficiency and optimization in buildings

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Architecture Department, Higher Education Complex of Zarand, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

This study presents a methodology for investigating the thermal properties and energy efficiency improvements offered by nanofluids when used in building materials. The research focuses on nanofluids containing Silica (SiO2), Alumina (Al2O3), and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in a water/ethylene glycol base fluid. The nanofluids were synthesized using the two-step method, ensuring stable dispersion through ultrasonic agitation and surfactants. An experimental setup, including a liquid-to-air heat exchanger, temperature sensors, and flow meters, was utilized to measure the thermal performance of the nanofluids. Computational models incorporating formulas for effective density, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity were developed to predict thermal performance and validated against experimental results. The findings indicate significant improvements in thermal conductivity and heat transfer efficiency, demonstrating the potential of nanofluids to enhance energy efficiency in HVAC systems and building materials. This study underscores the importance of ongoing research and innovation in nanotechnology to overcome challenges related to stability and production costs, paving the way for the broader adoption of nanofluids in sustainable construction practices.

Keywords

[1] A. Abbasi, K. Al-Khaled, M.I. Khan, S.U. Khan, A.M. El-Refaey, W. Farooq, M. Jameel, and S. Qayyum, Optimized analysis and enhanced thermal efficiency of modified hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3, CuO, Cu) with nonlinear thermal radiation and shape features, Case Stud. Thermal Engin. 28 (2021), 101425.
[2] C. Aktenur and I.T. Ozturk, Energy and energy analysis of a subcritical cascade refrigeration system with internal heat exchangers using environmentally friendly refrigerants, J. Energy Resources Technol. 143 (2021), no. 10, 102103.
[3] T. Ambreen and M.H. Kim, Influence of particle size on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A critical review, Appl. Energy, 264 (2020), 114684.
[4] H.R. Aviny, M. Ghasemi, and M. Fazlazad, Cardiovascular disease diagnosis using the combination of principal component analysis algorithm and regression tree, Trans. Machine Intell. 6 (2023), no. 2, 114-125.
[5] M. Azarifar, M. Arik, and J.Y. Chang, Liquid cooling of data centers: A necessity facing challenges, Appl. Thermal Eng. 247 (2024), 123112.
[6] M.M. Farooq Haidari, A. Shukoor Gul, B. Tatyana Valentinovna, and K. Elena Vladimirovna, Factors affecting teacher motivation (a case study of Aqchah district school teachers), Trans. Data Anal. Soc. Sci. 5 (2023), no. 3, 152-158.
[7] J. Haddadnia, O.R. Seryasat, and H. Rabiee, Thyroid diseases diagnosis using probabilistic neural network and principal component analysis, J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res. 3 (2013), no. 2, 593-598.
[8] S.A. Khan and R. Sharma, Eco-friendly synthesis of copper nanoparticles: An overview of the epoch-making role of natural resources, applications, and recent developments, Current Green Chem. 11 (2024), no. 3, 286-295.
[9] D.P. Kulkarni, D.K. Das, and R.S. Vajjha, Application of nanofluids in heating buildings and reducing pollution, Appl. Energy 86 (2009), no. 12, 2566-2573.
[10] A. Lekbir, S. Hassani, and S. Mekhilef, Techno-economic and life cycle assessment of a nanofluid-based concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal-Thermoelectric hybrid system, Journal of Power Sources, 595 (2024), p. 234066.
[11] S. Mukherjee, S. Chakraborty, R. Galun, Y. Estrin, and I. Manna, Transport phenomena in conduction mode laser beam welding of Fe-AI dissimilar couple with Ta diffusion barrier, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 53 (2010), no. 23-24, 5274-5282.
[12] P.K. Namburu, D.K. Das, K.M. Tanguturi, and R.S. Vajjha, Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids considering variable properties, Int. J. Thermal Sci. 48 (2009), no. 2, 290-302.
[13] M. Nedaei and G. Ramzgooyan, Effectiveness of spiritual leadership and organizational justice on the commitment and administrative integrity in Iranian National Tax Administration, Trans. Data Anal. Soc. Sci. 3 (2021), no. 1, 1-13.
[14] R. Strandberg and D.K. Das, Influence of temperature and properties variation on nanofluids in building heating, Energy Conver. Manag. 51 (2010), no. 7, 1381-1390.
[15] R. Taherialekouhi, S. Rasouli, and A. Khosravi, An experimental study on stability and thermal conductivity of water-graphene oxide/aluminum oxide nanoparticles as a cooling hybrid nanofluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 145 (2019), p. 118751.
[16] R. Yaghoobi Karimi, S. Azadi, and O. Rahmani Seryasat, Studying the influences of visual neurofeedback below the range of Δ frequency band, Trans. Machine Intell. 6 (2023), no. 1, 1-9.
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 10 November 2025
  • Receive Date: 10 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 23 August 2024