International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications

Nonlinear dynamic soil-structure coupling analysis in steel structures on a wide foundation under near- and far-fault earthquakes using viscous energy absorbing systems

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction in steel structures with a wide foundation, as well as the use of appropriate energy-absorbing systems in structures whose members do not perform properly, is of great importance. This is because by absorbing seismic energy, these systems ensure that the structural members remain within the elastic range during an earthquake. Viscous dampers are among the energy dissipation devices that have been widely considered in modern seismic design methods. Given that loading codes change every few years, existing structures often no longer meet the provisions of new regulations and require retrofitting. This makes the idea of using a type of damper in these structures very significant. When performing correctly, these earthquake energy absorbers delay the structure's reaching the limit state during severe earthquakes, which is highly effective in improving structural performance. In this study, to investigate the role of interaction, the response of structures was compared from the perspective of inter-story drift and the behavior of structural members, both with and without considering dynamic soil-structure interaction and under near- and far-fault earthquakes. For this purpose, three two-dimensional steel moment frames with 10, 5, and 15 stories were used as low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise structures, respectively. Then, the frames, which had been previously designed with viscous damper reinforcement and considering soil-structure interaction in loose soils, were analyzed. For the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seven accelerograms were used, and the results were compared. Based on the findings, it is observed that the reduction in floor response when using viscous dampers is not necessarily guaranteed; it can also increase depending on the earthquake record and the characteristics of the structure. The response of structures equipped with viscous dampers is close to that of structures without dampers, and in some cases, they are schematically almost identical. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in structural response in the presence of interaction and successive earthquakes, especially in low-rise buildings compared to high-rise buildings. These findings can be effective in improving seismic design criteria and evaluating the performance of structures against sequential earthquake events.

Keywords

[1] B. Aramesh, Investigation of thermodynamic models and heat transfer during laser radiation in teeth tissue, J. Popul. Therap. Clinic. Pharmacol. 31 (2024), no. 9, 1362-1377.
[2] B. Aramesh, A. Enayat, M. Espahbodi, A. Mona Ghannadpour, and S. Honar, Presenting a new method for reconstructing and revealing metal areas in real raw data (cyanogram improved with tooth filling materials) to reduce the effect of various distortions in two-dimensional scan images of spiral-shaped metal implants and dental P, Power Syst. Technol. 48 (2024), no. 3.
[3] O. Araz, Optimum passive tuned mass damper systems for main structures under harmonic excitation, Mihendis. Bilim. Tasarim Dergisi 9 (2021), no. 4, 1062-1071.
[4] O. Araz, Optimum three-element tuned mass damper for damped main structures under ground acceleration, El-Cezeri Fen Mihendis. Dergisi 8 (2021), no. 3, 1264-1271.
[5] M. Badri, S.M. Kazemi, and H. Rahimi, Presenting the behavioral model of citizens in selection of trip vehicle with emphasis on how to go to work, Case Stud. Transport Policy 19 (2025), 101304.
[6] Z. Chang, F. Luca, and K. Goda, Automated classification of near-fault acceleration pulses using wavelet packets, Comput.-Aided Civil Infrast. Engin. 34 (2019), no. 7, 569-585.
[7] Y. Cheng, X. Ji, K. Ikago, and H. Luo, Analytical solutions of H2 control and efficiency-based design of structural systems equipped with a tuned viscous mass damper, Struct. Control Health Monitor. 29 (2022), no. 5.
[8] W. Guo, X.L. Wu, X.N. Wei, Y. Cui, and D. Bu, Inductance effect of passive electromagnetic dampers on building-damper system subjected to near-fault earthquakes, Adv. Struct. Eng. 23 (2020), no. 2, 320-333.
[9] H. He, P. Tan, L. Hao, K. Xu, and Y. Xiang, Optimal design of tuned viscous mass damper for acceleration response control of civil structures under seismic excitations, Engineering Structures 252 (2022), p. 113685.
[10] G. Hu, Y. Wang, W. Huang, B. Li, and B. Luo, Seismic mitigation performance of structures with viscous dampers under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes, Engin. Struct. 203 (2020), 109878.
[11] X. Ji, Y. Cheng, and C. Molina Hutt, Seismic response of a tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) coupled wall system, Engineering Structures 225 (2020), 111252.
[12] X. Kang, Q. Huang, Z. Wu, J. Tang, X. Jiang, and S. Lei, A review of the tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) in energy harvesting and vibration control: designs, analysis and applications, CMES-Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. 139 (2024), no. 3, 2361-2398.
[13] A. Kaveh, M. Fahimi Farzam, and H. Hojat Jalali, Statistical seismic performance assessment of tuned mass damper inerter, Struct. Control Health Monitor. 27 (2020), no. 10.
[14] A.E. Kannan and G.H. Powell, DRAIN-2D: A general purpose computer program for dynamic analysis of inelastic plane structures, Report No. UCB/EERC-73/6, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif., Apr. 1973.
[15] S. Khalili Ghedari, Optimization of process design time in a distributed multi-factory environment using genetic algorithms to organize the process and support the development of technical designs for part production based on information available in the production database, Eksplorium-Bul. Pusat Teknol. Bahan Galian Nukli. 46 (2025), no. 2, 933-954.
[16] D.P.N. Kontoni and A.A. Farghaly, The effect of base isolation and tuned mass dampers on the seismic response of RC high-rise buildings considering soil-structure interaction, Earthquakes Struct. 17 (2019), no. 4, 425-434.
[17] D.P.N. Kontoni and A.A. Farghaly, TMD effectiveness for steel high-rise building subjected to wind or earthquake including soil-structure interaction, Wind Struct. 30 (2020), no. 4, 423-432.
[18] S. Li, J. Liu, Z. Yang, X. Bao, F. Wang, X. Wang, and M. Saleh Asheghabadi, Multiscale method for seismic response of near-source sites, Adv. Civil Eng. 2020 (2020), no. 1, p. 8183272.
[19] Z. Long, W. Shen, and H. Zhu, On energy dissipation or harvesting of tuned viscous mass dampers for SDOF structures under seismic excitations, Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 189 (2023), 110087.
[20] G. Mylonakis and G. Gazetas, Seismic soil-structure interaction: beneficial or detrimental?, J. Earthquake Eng. 4 (2000), no. 3, 277-301.
[21] G. Quaranta and F. Mollaioli, Analysis of near-fault pulse-like seismic signals through variational mode decomposition technique, Engin. Struct. 193 (2019), 121-135.
[22] T. Salonikios, C. Karakostas, V. Lekidis, and A. Anthonie, Comparative inelastic pushover analysis of masonry frames, J. Struct. Eng. 25 (2003), 1515-1523.
[23] S. Shahbazi, I. Mansouri, J.W. Hu, N. Sam Daliri, and A. Karami, Seismic response of steel SMFs subjected to vertical components of far- and near-field earthquakes with forward directivity effects, Adv. Civil Eng. 2019 (2019), 2647387.
[24] L. Wang, W. Shi, and Y. Zhou, Adaptive-passive tuned mass damper for structural seismic protection including soil-structure interaction, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Engin. 158 (2022), 107298.
[25] W. Xie and L.M. Sun, Experimental and numerical investigations on transverse seismic responses of soil-cable-stayed-bridge system subjected to transverse near-fault ground motions, Engin. Struct. 226 (2021), 111361.
[26] J. Yang, Z. Lu, and P. Li, Large-scale shaking table test on tall buildings with viscous dampers considering pile-soil-structure interaction, Engin. Struct. 220 (2020), 110960.
[27] F. Yang, R. Sedaghati, and E. Esmailzadeh, Vibration suppression of structures using tuned mass damper technology: A state-of-the-art review, J. Vib. Control 28 (2021), no. 7-8, 812-836.
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 20 February 2026
  • Receive Date: 05 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 14 September 2025
  • Accept Date: 15 September 2025