Revitalization of Historical Contexts with a Biophilic Architecture Approach for Enhancing Mental Health

The revitalization of historical contexts using a biophilic approach can contribute to improved mental health and enhanced spatial experiences for users. This study aimed to investigate the role of biophilic design in the revitalization of historical contexts and to analyze its impact on mental health and users’ spatial experiences. The study employed a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach, focusing on Fin Garden in Kashan. Data were collected through participatory and non-participatory field observations, semi-structured interviews with landscape architecture and environmental psychology experts, document analysis including historical maps and photographs, psychological questionnaires, and physiological measurements such as HRV, salivary cortisol, and alpha/beta EEG ratio. Qualitative findings indicated that natural elements, flowing water, light and shadow, and diverse vegetation provide a multisensory and calming experience for users and improve the perceived quality of space. Quantitative analyses, including t-tests, ANOVA, mediation regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM), also demonstrated that biophilic design, both directly and indirectly through enhancing spatial quality, reduces anxiety and depression and promotes users’ mental health. This research confirms the importance of applying biophilic principles in the revitalization of historical contexts and shows that such an approach can play a significant role in increasing well-being, positive spatial experience, and psycho-sensory interaction of users with the environment.