Modeling exchange rate and economic sanctions against Iran utilizing the Markov switching method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Economics, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

2 Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

3 Department of Business Management, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Exchange rate stability in the market plays a key role in both competitiveness and as far as reducing economic uncertainty. The exchange rate in Iran has been fluctuating for several years now due to political factors, specifically economic sanctions. Utilizing the Markov switching method, this study has endeavoured to model the direct effects of sanctions on the exchange rate and the indirect impact of sanctions and inflation on the exchange rate between 1985-and 2021. The exchange rate in Iran is dual in nature, meaning there are two systems that govern it: 1-Characterized by low average exchange rates and high standard deviation; 2-High average inflation and low standard deviation. Hence, in this article, two models specified by Markov switching shall be used. The findings reveal the probability of staying in the low exchange rate system is higher than the probability of remaining in the high exchange rate one. In addition, the probability of transition from the low exchange rate system is higher than the opposite probability (due to the stability of the low exchange rate in the country). The findings also show that sanctions have a low and positive effect on the exchange rate. Moreover, the impact of inflation on the exchange rate is positive.

Keywords

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Volume 13, Issue 2
July 2022
Pages 1357-1366
  • Receive Date: 16 November 2021
  • Revise Date: 28 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 24 February 2022