Design of a novel four-feed dual-band microstrip antenna with pure circular polarization and analysis of circular polarization parameters

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran

2 School of New Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran

Abstract

In this study, a novel dual-band multiple-feed microstrip antenna is introduced for GNSS applications. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 1548 \(mm^2\) and counts as a low-cost, low-profile antenna. The mathematical equations of multiple-feed configuration are driven to analyze circular polarization (\(CP\)) generation and find the effective parameters on \(CP\) value. It is shown that for an n-feed symmetric antenna, the phase shift of \(\frac{2\pi}{n}\) between ports leads to pure \(CP\), regardless of the electrical field pattern. However, if the first feed electric field has equal value in the x and y direction and also 90$^{\circ}$ phase shift, the \(CP\) value is increased. A  symmetric four-feed configuration is employed on the antenna to generate \(CP\). Also, fractal circular rings and perturbing sectors are applied to miniaturize the antenna and improve the \(CP\) value. Numerical simulation shows that all feeding network requirements are met and the phase shift is satisfied at both frequencies by using the coupler technique. Furthermore, results show desirable band width of 48 \(MHz\) and 60 \(MHz\) and high front to back ratio of 16.1 and 14 at \(f_1\)=1.227 \(GHz\) and \(f_2\)=1.575 \(GHz\), respectively. The axial ratio (\(AR\)) beam-width at both frequencies is more than 66$^{\circ}$.

Keywords

[1] K. Agarwal, Nasimuddin, and A. Alphones, Triple-band compact circularly polarised stacked microstrip antenna over reactive impedance meta-surface for GPS applications, IET Microwaves Antennas Propag. 8 (2014), no. 13, 1057–1065.
[2] F. Bilotti and C. Vegni, Design of high-performing microstrip receiving GPS antennas with multiple feeds, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 9 (2010), 248–251.
[3] H. Chen, Y. Wang, Y. Lin, Ch. Lin, and Sh. Pan, Microstrip-Fed Circularly Polarized Square-Ring Patch Antenna for GPS Applications, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57 (2009), no. 4, 1264–1267.
[4] J. Chen, K. Tong, A. Al-Armaghany, and J. Wang, A dual-band dual-polarization slot patch antenna for GPS and wi-fi applications, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 15 (2016), 406–409.
[5] N.K. Darimireddy, R.R. Ramana, N. Rajasekhar, and P. Srinivasa Rao, Rhombic slotted pentagonal patch antenna for GPS applications, 2018 IEEE Indian Conf. Antennas Propog. (InCAP), IEEE, 2018, pp. 1–4.
[6] C.D. Erbas, Annular ring microstrip patch antennas with slots in patch and ground plane for GSM-1800 and radio navigation, 8th Int. Conf. Electric. Electron. Engin. (ICEEE), IEEE, 2021, pp. 305–308.
[7] F.B. Gross, Smart antennas for wireless communications with MATLAB, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005.
[8] C.E. Guan and T. Fujimoto, Polarization-sense reconfigurable circular polarized antenna, 2021, pp. 719–720.
[9] S.J. Jeong, Compact circularly polarized antenna with a capacitive feed for GPS/GLONASS applications, ETRI J. 34 (2012), no. 5, 767–770.
[10] E.K. Kaivanto, M. Berg, E. Salonen, and P. De Maagt, Wearable circularly polarized antenna for personal satellite communication and navigation, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 (2011), no. 12, 4490–4496.
[11] S. Komeylian and S. Komeylian, Deploying an OFDM physical layer security with high rate data for 5G wireless networks, IEEE Canad. Conf. Electric. Comput. Engin. (CCECE), vol. 2020-Augus, IEEE, 2020, pp. 1–7.
[12] K.Y. Lam, K. Luk, K.F. Lee, H. Wong, and K.B. Ng, Small circularly polarized U-slot wideband patch antenna, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 10 (2011), 87–90.
[13] Zh. Ma, J. Chen, P. Chen, and Y. F. Jiang, Design of planar microstrip ultrawideband circularly polarized antenna loaded by annular-ring slot, Int. J. Antennas Propag. 2021 (2021), 1–10.
[14] P.K. Malik, P. Kumar, S. Kumar, and D. Singh, Smart Antennas: Latest Trends in Design and Application, Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics, vol. 2, Bentham Science Publishers, 2022.
[15] P.K. Malik, S. Padmanaban, and J.B. Holm-Nielsen, Microstrip Antenna Design for Wireless Applications, CRC Press, New York, 2021.
[16] E.A. Marranghelli, G. Ramon Lopez La Valle, and P.A. Roncagliolo, A spatial signal processing review for practical GNSS antenna arrays, IEEE Bienn. Cong. Argentina (ARGENCON), IEEE, jun 2018, pp. 1–8.
[17] B.R. Perli and A.M. Rao, Analysis of a compact 4-shaped annular ring ultra wideband antenna using characteristic modes, Int. J. Electron. Telecommun. 68 (2022), no. 2, 229–235.
[18] Prachi and T.K. Mandal, Dual frequency millimeter-wave perturbed ring patch antenna array for 5G applications, IETE J. Res. (2021), 1–11.
[19] M. Sahal and V.N. Tiwari, Review of circular polarization techniques for design of microstrip patch antenna, Proc. Int. Conf. Recent Cognizance Wireless Commun. Image Process. (Nitin Afzalpulkar, Vishnu Srivastava, Ghanshyam Singh, and Deepak Bhatnagar, eds.), Springer India, New Delhi, 2016, pp. 663–669.
[20] M. Shakeeb, Circularly polarized microstrip antenna, Ph.D. thesis, Concordia University, 2010.
[21] Y.A. Sheikh, K.N. Paracha, S. Ahmad, A.R. Bhatti, A.D. Butt, and S.K.A. Rahim, Analysis of compact dualband metamaterial-based patch antenna design for wearable application, Arab. J. Sci. Engin. 47 (2022), no. 3, 3509–3518.
[22] J. Sze and W. Chen, Axial-ratio-bandwidth enhancement of a microstrip-line-fed circularly polarized annular-ring slot antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 (2011), no. 7, 2450–2456.
[23] J. Zhao, Zh. Zhang, Y. Li, G. Fu, and Sh. Gong, Wideband patch antenna with stable high gain and low crosspolarization characteristics, Prog. Electromag. Res. Lett. 45 (2014), no. January, 35–38.
Volume 15, Issue 7
July 2024
Pages 133-166
  • Receive Date: 12 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 18 October 2022
  • Accept Date: 08 November 2022