International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications
Application of machine learning for predicting ground surface settlement beneath road embankments
Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Rufaizal Che Mamat 1
- Azuin Ramli 1
- Mohd Badrul Hafiz Che Omar 2
- Abd Manan Samad 3
- Saiful Aman Sulaiman 4
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Ungku Omar,Jalan, Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
2 Department of Surveying Science & Geomatics, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
4 Malaysia Institute of Transport (MITRANS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
Predicting the maximum ground surface settlement (MGS) beneath road embankments is crucial for safe operation, particularly on soft foundation soils. Despite having been explored to some extent, this problem still has not been solved due to its inherent complexity and many effective factors. This study applied support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict MGS. A total of four kernel functions are used to develop the SVM model, which is linear, polynomial, sigmoid, and Radial Basis Function (RBF). MGS was analysed using the finite element method (FEM) with three dimensionless variables: embankment height, applied surcharge, and side slope. In comparison to the other kernel functions, the Gaussian produced the most accurate results (MARE = 0.048, RMSE = 0.007). The SVM-RBF testing results are compared to those of the ANN presented in this study. As a result, SVM-RBF proved to be better than ANN when predicting MGS.
Keywords
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Volume 12, Special Issue
December 2021Pages 1025-1034
- Receive Date: 18 June 2021
- Revise Date: 06 July 2021
- Accept Date: 11 September 2021