Methodology for modeling the information signal generator at the physical level in FANET networks

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Belgorod State Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia

2 Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletovs, Vladimir, 600000, Russia

Abstract

Effective design of flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) requires creating a reliable model of network behavior at various interconnection levels. The greatest differences between ad-hoc and hierarchical networks are concentrated on the lower four levels (physical, channel, network, and transport). Software simulators of computer networks have a simplified nature of the physical layer and also do not allow obtaining analytical solutions as a result of the modeling process. The developed hierarchical model for the formation of information signals allows to perform an analytical description of various communication channels and telecommunications equipment. The model can represent communication channels in a flying network while taking into account attenuation, inter-symbol interference, signal propagation over many paths, telecommunications equipment circuits with linear and nonlinear signal generation; circuits with different directions of control signals, namely direct control (FC), backward control (BC) and combined control; multi-channel circuits. Analytical transfer functions of the model are obtained for any number of unfolded hierarchy levels. The UAV transmitter frequency synthesizer is modeled on the basis of a hierarchical signal generation model. The simulation allowed us to determine the conditions for the uniformity of the amplitude-frequency modulation characteristic (AFMC) in the region of the lower modulating frequencies of the synthesizer while maintaining the high operating speed of the synthesizer.

Keywords

[1] I.Y. Abualhaol and M.M. Matalgah, Outage probability analysis in a cooperative UAVs network over nakagami-m fading channels, IEEE Conf. Vehicular Technol., 2006, pp. 1–4.
[2] I.Y. Abualhaol and M.M. Matalgah, Performance analysis of cooperative multi-carrier relay-based UAV networks over generalized fading channels, Int. J. Commun. Syst. 24 (2011), no. 8, 1049–1064.
[3] A. Abdelrahman, H. Mohammad, A. Fayez, and A. Omar, A Survey on Wireless Sensor Networks Simulation Tools and Testbeds, Sensors, Transducers, Signal Conditioning and Wireless Sensors Networks Advances in Sensors, Vol. 3, Chapter 14, 2016.
[4] N. Ahmed, S. Kanhere, and S. Jha, Link characterization for aerial wireless sensor networks, GLOBECOM Wi-UAV Workshop, 2011, pp. 1274–127.
[5] G. Amos, MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications: 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
[6] S.L. Anisimov, Tandem digital frequency synthesizers with a fractional-multiple frequency divider of the second ring, Actual Issues Oper.f Secur. Syst. Protected Telecommun. Syst., 2007, pp. 8–9.
[7] S.L. Anisimov, E.A. Pechenin, and P.A. Popov, Digital frequency synthesizer with frequency modulation, patent on utility model No. 62310 of the Russian Federation, N03C 3/10, N 03L7/18, No. 2006143175/22, Declared on 07.12.2006, Published on 27.03.2007.
[8] S.L. Anisimov and P.A. Popov, Construction of two-loop frequency-modulated frequency synthesizers on a modern digital element base, Bull. Voronezh Inst. Ministry Internal Affairs Russia 1 (2007), 174–177.
[9] O. Bazan and M. Jaseemuddin, On the design of opportunistic MAC protocols for multihop wireless networks with beamforming antennas, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 10 (2011), no. 3, 305–319.
[10] A. Cho, J. Kim, S. Lee, and C. Kee, Wind estimation and airspeed calibration using a UAV with a single-antenna GPS receiver and pitot tube, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electronic Syst. 47 (2011), 109–117.
[11] E.P. de Freitas, T. Heimfarth, I.F. Netto, C.E. Lino, C.E. Pereira, A.M. Ferreira, F.R. Wagner, and T. Larsson, UAV relay network to support WSN connectivity, ICUMT, IEEE, 2010, pp. 309–314.
[12] Z. Huang and C.-C. Shen, A comparison study of omnidirectional and directional MAC protocols for ad hoc networks, Global Telecommun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), 2002.
[13] F. Jiang and A.L. Swindlehurst, Dynamic UAV relay positioning for the ground-to-air uplink, IEEE Globecom Workshops, 2010.
[14] E. Kuiper and S. Nadjm-Tehrani, Mobility models for UAV group reconnaissance applications, Proc. Int. Conf. Wireless Mobile Commun. (IEEE Computer Society), 2006.
[15] I.A. Kurilov and S.L. Anisimov, Automatic compensation of frequency distortions in two-loop frequency-modulated digital frequency synthesizers, Radio Engin. 9 (2008), 91–93.
[16] I. Maza, F. Caballero, J. Capit´an, J.R. Mart´ınez-De-Dios, and A. Ollero, Experimental results in multi-UAV coordination for disaster management and civil security applications, J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 61 (2011), no. 1-4, 563–585.
[17] G. Noubir, On connectivity in ad hoc networks under jamming using directional antennas and mobility, Wired/Wireless Internet Communications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2957, 2004, pp. 521–532.
[18] A. Qutaiba, Simulation Framework of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software, MATLAB, A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications, Vol. 2, 2012.
[19] A. Qutaiba, A. Abdulmaowjod, and M. Hussein, Simulation and performance study of wireless sensor network (WSN) using MATLAB, 1st Int. Conf. Energy, Power Control (EPC-IQ), IEEE, 2010, pp. 307–314.
[20] R. Ramanathan, On the performance of ad hoc networks with beamforming antennas, Proc. 2nd ACM Int. Symp. Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Comput. (MobiHoc ’01), 2001, pp. 95–105.
[21] E. Semsch, M. Jakob, D. Pavl´ıcek, and M. Pechoucek, Autonomous UAV Surveillance in Complex Urban Environments, IEEE/WIC/ACM Int. Joint Conf. Web Intell. Intell. Agent Technol., Vol. 2. IEEE, 2009, pp. 82–85.
[22] Z. Sun, P. Wang, M.C. Vuran, M. Al-Rodhaan, A. Al-Dhelaan, and I.F. Akyildiz, BorderSense: border patrol through advanced wireless sensor networks, Ad Hoc Networks 9 (2011), no. 3, 468–477.
[23] V. Taliwal, D. Jiang, H. Mangold, C. Chen, and R. Sengupta, Empirical determination of channel characteristics for DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle communication, Proc. 1st ACM Int. Workshop Vehicular ad hoc Networks, 2004, pp. 88–88.
[24] G.S. Vasilyev, O.R. Kuzichkin, I.A. Kurilov, and D.I. Surzhik, Development of methods to model UAVS nonlinear automatic control systems, Rev. Univers. Zulia 11 (2020), no. 30, 137–147.
[25] G.S. Vasilyev, O.R. Kuzichkin, I.A. Kurilov, and D.I. Surzhik, Development of a methodology to model the dynamic properties of UAVS and high-order control systems, Rev. Univer. Zulia 11 (2020), no. 30, 189–199.
[26] G.S. Vasilyev, O.R. Kuzichkin, D.I. Surzhik, and I.A. Kurilov, Algorithms for analysis of stability and dynamic characteristics of signal generators at the physical level in FANET networks, Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Commun. Network Secur. (CSCNS2019), December 22-23, 2019.
[27] G.S. Vasilyev, D.I. Surzhik, O.R. Kuzichkin, and K.V. Bondarik, Hierarchical model of information signals formation at the physical layer in FANET, 7th Int. Conf. Control Decis. Inf. Technol. (CoDIT’2020), June 29-July 2, 2020.
[28] W. Wang, X. Guan, B. Wang, and Y. Wang, A novel mobility model based on semi-random circular movement in mobile ad hoc networks, Inf. Sci. 180 (2010), no. 3, 399–413.
[29] H. Xiang and L. Tian, Development of a low-cost agricultural remote sensing system based on an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle, Biosyst. Engin. 108 (2011), 174–190.
[30] J. Yin, G. Holl, T. Elbatt, F. Bai, and H. Krishnan, DSRC channel fading analysis from empirical measurement, Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Workshop on Vehicle Commun. Appl. (Vehiclecomm), 2006, pp. 25–27.
Volume 14, Issue 5
May 2023
Pages 169-176
  • Receive Date: 21 August 2021
  • Revise Date: 14 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 26 October 2021